Manila, Philippines — The quiet glow of Mayon Volcano turned violent again Sunday night as state volcanologists detected minor Strombolian activity at the summit crater—marking the 111th day of the ongoing effusive eruption. The event underscores the prolonged danger facing communities in Albay province.



In a bulletin released late Sunday, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) confirmed that the volcano produced incandescent lava flows and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). The Strombolian bursts, though minor, are a significant escalation after weeks of steady lava effusion.



What Is Strombolian Activity?



Strombolian eruptions are mild, explosive bursts of gas and magma that eject incandescent blobs of lava into the air. Unlike a full-blown eruption, these bursts are short-lived but can still pose hazards to nearby areas.



PHIVOLCS explained that the activity was observed at the summit crater using thermal cameras and seismic sensors. The agency urged residents to avoid the 6-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and maintain vigilance against falling ash and rock fragments.



111 Days of Unrest: Key Developments



Mayon’s current effusive eruption began on June 8, 2023, and has since produced continuous lava flows down the southeastern and southern slopes. The volcano’s activity has fluctuated between mild degassing and minor explosive episodes.



On Day 111, the following were recorded:




  • Incan-descent lava flows extending up to 3 kilometers from the crater

  • Pyroclastic density currents (hot gas and ash clouds) rolling down ravines

  • Minor Strombolian explosions at the summit at 7:45 PM



PHIVOLCS maintained Alert Level 3 (magmatic unrest) over Mayon, signaling a relatively high level of volcanic turmoil that could lead to a hazardous eruption.



Impact on Albay Communities



The prolonged eruption has forced the evacuation of over 20,000 residents from 26 barangays in Albay. Evacuees remain in temporary shelters, with many already returning to their homes under strict safety protocols.



The local government has distributed face masks and food packs, but the extended displacement has strained resources. Farmers in the region have also reported reduced crop yields due to ashfall and sulfur dioxide emissions.



"We are used to Mayon’s rumblings, but 111 days is exhausting," said Bong Sarte, a barangay captain in Daraga, Albay. "Our people are tired, but safety comes first."



Expert Opinions: What the Data Says



Dr.Renato Solidum Jr., PHIVOLCS director, previously noted that Mayon’s effusive phase could last for weeks or even months. The addition of Strombolian activity suggests the magma chamber is still feeding the volcano with gas-rich magma.



Dr.Solomon Santos, a volcanologist at the University of the Philippines, explained that Strombolian bursts are common during long-duration eruptions. "They indicate that gas is accumulating and escaping rapidly. This doesn’t mean a major explosion is imminent, but it warrants close monitoring."



Seismic data from PHIVOLCS shows that low-frequency earthquakes continue to occur beneath the volcano, suggesting that magma is still moving upward. This pattern supports the possibility of additional minor explosive episodes.



Real-World Risks: Ashfall, Lava, and Lahars



The most immediate hazards are lava flows, which have already destroyed several houses in Guinobatan and Camalig. PDCs pose lethal risks to anyone within the danger zone, as they can reach speeds of 100 km/h and temperatures exceeding 800°C.



Ashfall from Strombolian activity may affect Legazpi City and nearby towns, causing respiratory issues and damaging crops. The Department of Health has advised residents to wear N95 masks and avoid outdoor activities during ashfall events.



Lahars—volcanic mudflows—are another concern during heavy rains, as loose ash deposits can be swept downslope. The Albay Public Safety and Emergency Management Office (APSEMO) is monitoring weather forecasts to issue preemptive evacuations.



Government Response: Staying Alert



PHIVOLCS continues to release real-time updates via social media and local radio. The agency’s Mayon Volcano Observatory in Lignon Hill, Legazpi, operates 24/7 to track any changes.



Local authorities have set up 24-hour checkpoints along the PDZ boundaries to prevent unauthorized entry. Schools in affected areas remain closed, with students attending online classes or relocating to safer areas.



For the latest updates, visit the PHIVOLCS website or follow their Facebook page for official announcements.



Conclusion: A Volcano That Won’t Rest



Mayon’s journey past Day 111 shows that even a seemingly quiet effusive eruption can turn dramatic. The minor Strombolian activity is a reminder that the volcano remains alive and dangerous.



For Albay residents, vigilance remains the best defense. PHIVOLCS and disaster agencies are urging everyone to stay informed and follow safety protocols. The situation may improve in the coming weeks, but for now, Mayon continues to speak—in fire and ash.



Frequently Asked Questions



What is the difference between effusive and explosive eruptions?



Effusive eruptions produce steady lava flows, while explosive eruptions eject ash and rock fragments into the air. Mayon’s current activity is mostly effusive, with occasional minor explosive bursts.



Is it safe to visit Mayon Volcano now?



No. PHIVOLCS has declared a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) of 6 km from the crater. Tourism in the area is suspended until further notice.



How long can this eruption last?



Effusive eruptions can persist for months or even years, depending on magma supply. PHIVOLCS continues to monitor the volcano closely for any changes.



What should I do if there is ashfall?



Stay indoors, close windows and doors, wear a face mask, and avoid driving. Follow local government announcements for updates.



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